River bank erosion induced human displacement and its consequences. Flood hit in an agrarian village in west bengal, river bank erosion has robbed locals of their livelihood anyone who can has migrated from the village, say residents, while those left behind. River bank erosion erosion pollution erosion control. In an agrarian village in west bengal, river bank erosion. River bank erosion hazard study of river ganga, upstream. Riverbank erosion and channel width adjustments across a meandering channel o f north bengal, india subhankar chakraborty andsutapa mukhopadhyay department of geography visvabharati, santiniketan, 731235, west bengal, india email.
Monitoring of bank line erosion of river ganga, malda. West bengal has by far the largest alluvial land, being 35 lakh ha in the country of which 22 lakh ha comes under vindhya and gangetic alluvial soil regions. This is because the trees root systems will make the banks more resistant to erosion and, as the dead wood decays, give longterm, sustainable protection against bank erosion. An approach to predict the yearly bank erosion rates of. Reducing river bank erosion a best practice guide for farmers. Pdf is severity of river bank erosion proportional to. In every year the large numbers of local inhabitants are being severely affected due to bank erosion, particularly along the river bed of the ganga in the present study area. Measuring hazard vulnerability by bank erosion of the.
Identification of fluviogeomorphological changes and bank. River bank erosion is a natural and inevitable phenomenon of rivers. Bank erosion and protection on the brahmaputra jamuna river a. Erosion pins were used and found to be satisfactory. Useful design guidance on soft bank face protection techniques can be found in the good practice guide for bank protection. India west bengal major irrigation and flood management project. An analysis of the processes of river bank erosion. The natural environmental balance has also been disturbed by the raising of embankments along the major river systems to prevent the ingress of. The ganges forms one of the major river systems in india. It is also to understand the coherence between changes in land use and land cover and annual rate of river bank failure. A wake up call for protecting digha coast, west bengal, northeast coast of india j. In 2014 it was named one of the 10 most threatened rivers in the united states by american rivers.
Task force for west bengal state urban livelihood mission. The bank erosion of river ganga in maldah district, west bengal has. Pdf river bank erosion hazard study of river ganga. Jomuna is one of the three main rivers of bangladesh. Since wednesday, the ganga has swallowed large swaths of. River bank erosion along the ganges in malda and murshidabad districts focusses on river bank erosion along the main channel of the ganges in malda and mushidabad districts of west bengal, india. Impact of inbed and onbank soil cutting by brick fields. Riverbank erosion is one of the most unpredictable and critical type of disasters that takes tolls less in lives but more in livelihood such as agricultural land and homesteads along with other livelihood options that are evacuated.
Comprehensively, focus has been devoted to a the mean bank erosion rates, processes of bank erosion and bankline movements for the concerned reach, b channel width variations over. Riverbank erosion is one of the most unpredictable and critical type of disasters. Being a natural riverine element, river banks can move away erosion or can advance deposition. A socioeconomic case study in the gangetic riverine tract at malda district, west bengal, india showkat iqbal centre for himalayan studies, north bengal university, darjeeling, west bengal, india keywords displacements. There is a general tendency of river ganges to shift towards the left bank above farakka barrage malda district, and towards the right bank below. Bank erosion and protection on the brahmaputra jamuna river. Until now, more than 700 000 people in these two districts have been displaced due to ganges bank erosion mukherjee, 2008. Thus, brahmaputra river bank erosion has caused both socioeconomic and ecological imbalance. Review the current situation by examining the stability of the riverbanks on your farm and the potential for bank erosion. Farakka barrage is a barrage across the ganges river located in murshidabad district in the indian state of west bengal, roughly 16.
The correlation between river bank erosion and frequency of population displacement due to bank erosion is positive. Char, bhowerthana village, coochbehar, westbengal, india. During the monsoon, floods and flows of river water erode the bank. Such contracts will be acceptable however for any procurement under the shopping procedures. Oct 10, 2014 the haw river, a high order river in the southeastern united states, is characterized by severe bank erosion and geomorphic change from historical conditions of clear waters and connected floodplains. River bank erosion and sustainable protection strategies md shofiul islam1 1 scientific officer, river research institute rri faridpur 7800. Flood and erosion induced population displacements. Subernarekha barrage project west bengal envisages construction of a barrage across the subarnarekha downstream of chandil dam and galudih barrage near bhosraghat to irrigate 114,198 hectares 282,190 acres annually in the medinipur district of west bengal through a left bank canal and its distribution system covering a culturable command. However, land management patterns that change the hydrograph andor vegetation cover can act to increase or decrease channel migration rates.
Pdf monitoring of bank line erosion of river ganga, malda district. Abstract bank erosion is a major problem for river and floodplain management along the. A stretch of 15 kilometers will be concretized, to prevent erosion. So, it can be sated that river bank erosion creates population displacement from the riverine flood plain of jangipur subdivision. Find west bengal river map, showing rivers which flows in and outside of the state west bengal and highlights district and state boundaries. It was intended to have a high canal providing a navigational route between cuttack and calcutta. Fluvial or hydraulic bank erosion hereafter called erosion is the direct removal of soil particles or aggregates from river banks by the direct erosive action of the flow. This coarse accumulation exacerbate the bank erosion, as the river flanks the coarse deposit. Orissa state and rasulpur river eastern side in the west bengal state. In reply, nmcg stated that all funds utilized by the ngrba eap program ultimately get. The single most effective method of erosion control in rivers is restoring bank vegetation. Due to river meander aggravated by high flow events in summer months, lesscohesive bank material, debris obstructions, poor riprap construction how fast is the bank eroding. A guide to erosion assessment and management ea, 1999, environmentally sensitive channel and bank protection measures nchrp, 2005 and estuary edges. Using rs and gis compiled with statistical techniques.
Measurements of erosion have been made on sections of river banks in devon, england over a period of 2. The earliest one namely midnapore canal was taken up in 1866 and irrigation commenced in 1871. This work has been carried out to analyze and report the river bank erosion hazard due to morphometric change of the ganga river in the upstream of farakka barrage upto rajmahal. They are governed by the topography of the land, whether a particular region is dominated by.
The indian cities on river banks pdf is extremely important for the upcoming bank examinations. Morphometric parameters, such as, sinuosity, braidedness index, and percentage of the island area to the total river reach area were measured for the year of 1955, 1977, 1990, 2001. Riverbank erosion and channel width adjustments across a. Bank erosion induced socioeconomic vulnerability in. River ganga is the most important among the rivers. River bank erosion is a common problem in river channels in the deltaic tracts and is widespread throughout the course of the ganges in west bengal. This study has been carried out to analyze and report the river bank erosion hazard due to morphometric change of the ganga river also called ganges in english in the upstream of farakka barrage up to rajmahal. Monitoring of bank line erosion of river ganga, malda district, and west. Bank line migration and its impact on land use and land. Citeseerx monitoring of bank line erosion of river ganga. Farakka barrage township is located in farakka community development block in murshidabad district.
Pdf analysis of the factors responsible for river bank. Changes noted in the aerial photos but nothing directly related to the current erosion. Malda, a district of west bengal, is located almost in the. Today we are sharing a very important pdf on indian cities on river banks. Thus, it is prudent to have an index with a simple and direct approach on erosion risk assessment at river bank sections. Delineating lateral channel migration and risk zones of. Relation of riverbank erosion with agricultural landuse. The course and condition of the saraswati has played an important role in the development and decline of river port towns in bengal. A remote sensing and gis approach nath, biswajit, sultana, n.
These pose significant problems for the existing new mi schemes. The ganges bank erosion in other districts of west bengal is less important compared to the malda and murshidabad districts. Kalindri river in malda district, west bengal displays varying degree of erosion. Shifting courses of ganga river, it causes and resultant. For bank erosion, the soil cutting from river banks and river bed is more. The objective of the west bengal major irrigation and flood management project for india is to rejuvenate and rehabilitate irrigation existing irrigation network for sustainable development in dvc area and management of floods in lower damodar subbasin. River bank erosion hazard study of river ganga, upstream of farakka barrage using remote sensing and gis article pdf available in natural hazards 6. River bank erosion has emerged to be one of the most dreadful environmental problems in india.
Reduction of downstream water supply is also caused partly by siltation and partly by clogging. River bank erosion along the ganges in malda and murshidabad districts focusses on river bank erosion along the main channel of the ganges in malda and mushidabad districts of west bengal. The collapse of bank materials due to slope instability is referred to as bank failure. To fulfill the purpose of the present study, 21 river bank erosion affected mouzas along the banks of river gangabhagirathi in jangipur subdivision of murshidabad district, west bengal, have been selected. Erosion is a major issue in dighasankarpur coastal area. River bank erosion is a natural process and severe bank erosion has serious consequences for physical and biological processes of environment. One of the main reasons for this is the farakka barrage, a dam on the bhagirathi river in west bengal, about 10 kilometres. But the case of the river ganges in west bengal is quite different. These are endowed with neutral to near neutral, deep and fertile soils with high water holding capacity. This kind of severe erosion is widespread throughout the river s course in west bengal. Aug 28, 2011 this study has been carried out to analyze and report the river bank erosion hazard due to morphometric change of the ganga river also called ganges in english in the upstream of farakka barrage up to rajmahal. This coastal belt exhibits varied interaction of physical processes viz.
The ganges enters west bengal after near rajmahal hills in jharkhand. Bank erosion induced socioeconomic vulnerability in kaliachakiii block of malda, district, west bengal debdulal sharma gour banga university india article details abstract article history published online. Pdf river bank erosion hazard study of river ganga, upstream of. The ichamati river is highly susceptible to severe bank migration due to its channel geometry and the local land use. River bank erosion hazard study of river ganga, upstream of. Incurring of expenditure of revenue nature out of grants for creation of capital assets is not proper.
River bank erosion is a common problem in river channels in the deltaic. River bank erosionfailure and flooding in these two districts have become a chronic. Channel migration becomes the main characteristic of the khowai river of tripura. A case study in shantipur block, nadia district, west bengal 1,subarna chatterjee, 2,biswaranjan mistri. Discussion the natural phenomenon of bank erosion is aggravated by anthropogenic activity knighton, 1989 in terms of soil cutting from banks and bed. After flowing through malda district, it enters murshidabad district, where it splits into two river channels the bhagirathi flows south through west bengal and the padma flows east into bangladesh. West bengal happened to be a pioneer in the field of irrigation in india. For example, severe bank erosion in the lower reach of the bhagirathi river in west bengal has resulted in significant land loss 60% of all households lost land over last 20 years and affected the livelihoods of the people in the study villages along the river. Identification of fluviogeomorphological changes and bank line shifting of river bhagirathihugli using remote sensing technique in and around of mayapur nabadwip area, west bengal. River bank erosion has emerged to be one of the most annoying environmental hazards these days. The kalindri is the branch of river phulhar experienced severe channel change due to lateral shifting associated with bank erosion over course of time. River bank erosion and flooding in malda dist have become a chronic phenomenon since early60s and the problem turns into disaster during last few decades. Ichamati river is a key river of north 24 parganas district in west bengal, and is a connecting link between nadia group of rivers and sundarbans. Project is working in west bengal to protect the coastline from erosion and pollution while improving coastal residents livelihoods.
River banks become vulnerable to erosion when they are not lined with trees or surrounded by wetlands, and when there is no wood in the river channel to cushion them from the force of the river. River bank erosion is a natural process and severe bank erosion has serious. Department of geography, the university of burdwan, burdwan7104 west bengal author for correspondence abstract in order to locate the sites of progressive erosion and deposition in different segments of damodar river rhondia to paikpara the database on bank line shifts leading to degradation and aggradation from 1943. On their way they gift some of the most fertile and rich land areas to the state. Allowing the vegetation to colonize and establish a significant root system will strengthen the bank. Nearly 500 people have become homeless in the hossainpur area of murshidabad district due to severe river bank erosion by the ganga. Watershed level changes like logging can cause increased sedimentation downstream that completely bury the natural channel and adjacent flood plain. All river banks experience erosion, but failure is dependent on the location and the rate at which erosion is occurring. The impact of population displacement due to river bank. Monitoring of bank line erosion of river ganga, malda district, and. River bank erosion is one of the critical public concerns in the world at least in some. The west bengal government decided to invest 107 crore rupees to check erosion at vulnerable areas along the banks of the ganga and the padma.
The course of the ganges along the northern river front of west bengal has been fast changing due to unabated bank erosion, especially over the last few decades. A report on the impact of farakka barrage on the human fabric, november 1999 pdf. The course of the ganges along the northern river front of west bengal has been fast changing due to unabated bank erosion. River bank erosion has several causes with even more factors that can accelerate it.
A large number of rivers cut through the state of west bengal. This results in a whole new cycle of streambank erosion trimble, 1982. Impact of inbed and onbank soil cutting by brick fields on. In some villages around the kalindri river bank erosion creates serious problem for the people living their destroying their crops. Drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. The effect of bank erosion on different villages on jalangi banks is given below table 1. The tributaries especially the river ajay by its huge sediment and discharge in monsoon period has.
The correlation is significant at 95 percent level of confidence. During the same period, the average bank erosion along the right and left banks were 182 and 66 myear, respectively, the sum of which 248 myear is higher than the widening rate of the jamuna during the same period 184 myear. A socioeconomic case study in the gangetic riverine tract at malda district, west bengal, india. Official reports show that on an average 8 km 2 of land is engulfed annually by the river in west bengal. Rivers and lochs sepa, 2008, waterway bank protection. Morphometric parameters, such as, sinuosity, braidedness index, and percentage of the island area to the total river reach area were measured for the year of 1955, 1977. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. The west bengal town and country planning and development act, 1979 as. The impact of population displacement due to river bank erosion on. Channel migration and its impact on land useland cover. It is a complex process which incorporates actions of several complex processes and cannot be attributed to any single process. Jan 25, 2014 river bank erosion and flooding in bangladesh a detailed study posted on january 25, 2014 by ehsan abdullah an anthropological and photographic exploration of riverbank erosion a nd flood in rural bangladesh.
Analysis of social and psychological terrain of bank. River bank erosion is a natural and inevitable phenomenon of river and can. West bengal govt decides to invest rs 107 cr to check. Pdf human displacement is liable to occur in riverside regions where people are vulnerable to riverbank erosion. The river ganges enters west bengal near rajmahal in jharkhand state and. Trends analysis of river bank erosion at chandpur, bangladesh. Left bank line dynamics of the study area from 20022010. The canal originally was part of orissa canal scheme. Monitoring of bank line erosion of river ganga, malda district, and west bengal. The upstream is so clogged with sediment that the river is compelled to alter its course. Failure depends on sediment type, layering, and moisture content. River bank erosion induced human displacement and its. A study on bank erosion and channel migration of the present course of the khowai river through the synclinal valley of atharamura and baramura hill ranges indicates that the area is under active erosion since long back. River bank failure can be caused when the gravitational forces acting on a bank exceed the forces which hold the sediment together.
A wake up call for protecting digha coast, west bengal. Socioeconomic impact riverbank erosion has disastrous socioeconomic effects. In postfarakka period, the fluctuating river discharge by artificial control of river regime has regulated the river bank erosion year the round. Jan 08, 2019 governor is pleased to constitute task forces at kolkata municipal corporation and ulb level for implementation of west bengal state urban livelihood mission under national urban livelihood mission. The west bengal state government appeals all to contribute in west bengal state emergency relief fund and assist the state in prevention and control of situation arising out of unforeseen emergencies like covid19 corona.
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